
230409 XZRC 03a新福主日學改革宗教會03a
每一個堅持真相的人,都是黑暗中的一盞燈。

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230409新福主日學:改革宗教會 03a 高阿丹 參考書:Daniel R. Hyde, Welcome to a Reformed Church: A Guide for Pilgrims (WRC) t.ly/jcaOCarl R. Trueman, The Creedal Imperative; t.ly/-l7MRyan M. McGraw, The Day of Worship: Reassessing the Christian Life in Light of the Sabbath; t.ly/H_7X西敏信仰告白 WCF;西敏大要理問答 WLC;西敏小要理問答 WSC;海德堡要理問答 HC;比利時信條 BC;多特信經 CD 第三章:聖經:最終極權威 Scripture: The Final Authority 誰有最終極權柄o 先有雞還是先有蛋?
教會出於聖經、還是聖經出於教會?o 宗教改革基本爭議——權柄來自哪裡?聖經(新教/基督教)?還是聖經+傳統(天主教)?
o 天特會議 (Council of Trent 1546) 論基督福音:[It is] contained in the written books, and the unwritten traditions which, received by the Apostles from the mouth of Christ himself, or from the Apostles themselves, the Holy Ghost dictating, have come down even unto us, transmitted as it were from hand to hand: [the Synod] following the examples of the orthodox Fathers, receives and venerates with an equal affection of piety and reverence, all the books both of the Old and of the New Testament—seeing that one God is the author of both—as also the said traditions, as well those appertaining to faith as to morals, as having been dictated, either by Christ’s own word of mouth, or by the Holy Ghost, and preserved in the Catholic Church by a continuous succession.[它]包含在成文的書籍和不成文的傳統中,這些傳統是由使徒從基督本人口中或從使徒自己那裡得到的,在聖靈的指導(dictate 口述)下,傳給了我們,就像手遞一般:[教會會議]效仿正統教父的榜樣,以虔誠和崇敬的同等情感接受和尊崇舊約和新約的所有書籍——認知一位上帝是兩者的作者 ——還有上述傳統,以及那些與信仰和道德有關的傳統,都是由基督自己口中話語的口述或聖靈口授的,並通過連續的傳承在天主教會(Catholic Church)中保存下來。
o 基督教認知聖經奠定教會。路德:聖經是生出神聖真理與教會的母腹。
o 伯爾尼十條論綱Ten These of Berne (1528):The holy catholic church, whose sole head is Christ, has been begotten from the Word of God, in which also it continues, nor does it listen to the voice of any stranger.以基督為唯一元首的神聖大公教會是出生自上帝的聖言,也在其中持續生存,它也不聽從任何陌生人的聲音。
唯獨聖經 Sola Scripturao 宗教改革者堅持聖經是我們唯一最高、最終極的權威(“our highest and ultimate authority”,p39) ——沒有其它權柄(教會、傳統、教皇、主教)與聖經有同等權威。若有其它權柄,都必須從聖經衍生出(derived)、授權(delegated)、以及由聖經規範(normed)的。o 上帝的子民憑上帝話語而活(申8:3)——耶和華頒布給以色列人祂的律法;申4:2;12:32;箴30:5-6o 時候成熟,道成了肉身——道生在律法之下,顯示上帝的話語從不自我矛盾。
加4:4;約1:1-18o 上帝定意要藉著祂兒子曉諭我們——來1:1-2;路24:25-27; 44-47; 約5:39o 上帝話語不可加添、不可減除——也就是說,人不能憑自己意思選上帝話語;啟22:18-19o 舊約指向新約、新約解釋舊約。o 福音書描述基督在地事工、使徒行傳描述基督的靈建立教會、使徒書信闡述基督和祂工作的意義。o 什麼是上帝話語,唯獨最高權柄?「我聽到上帝對我說話」「不聽牧師的話,就不聽上帝話語」?
WLC3;WCF1.10Q. 3. What is the word of God?A. The holy scriptures of the Old and New Testament are the word of God, the only rule of faith and obedience.問 3:上帝的道是什麼?答:新舊約聖經就是上帝的道,是信仰與順服的惟一準則。(提後三 16;彼後一 21。
2 弗二 20;賽八 20;加一 8-9;提後三 16)WCF1.10一切信仰上的爭論、教會會議一切的決議、古代作者的意見、人的教導、個人屬靈的領受等事務,都應當以聖靈在聖經中所說的話作為最高的裁判,如此的裁決,我們都當誠服。
啟示 Revelation (聖經本質)o 上帝藉著普遍(general, natural 自然)和特殊啟示(grace, supernatural 超自然)向人曉諭自我;見詩篇19章的進路——vv1, 7, 10o 比利時信條第二條:上帝藉著什麼方式叫我們認識祂我們用兩種方法認識神︰第一是從神所創造、保守、管理的宇宙認識神。這擺在我們眼前,好像一部絕妙奇書;一切受造之物,無論大小,都是書中主角,引我們思想神那「眼不能見」的「永能和神性」(羅一20)。這一切都足以叫人心服口服,無可推諉。
第二是藉著祂的聖言,就是聖經將祂自己更清楚、更完全地啟示給我們;換句話說:我們在今生想要知道關於祂榮耀與救恩的事,都記在聖經中了。
By What Means God Is Made Known unto UsWe know Him by two means: First, by the creation, preservation, and government of the universe; which is before our eyes as a most elegant book, wherein all creatures, great and small, are as so many characters leading us to see clearly the invisible things of God, even his everlasting power and divinity, as the apostle Paul says (Rom. 1:20). All which things are sufficient to convince men and leave them without excuse. Second, He makes Himself more clearly and fully known to us by His holy and divine Word, that is to say, as far as is necessary for us to know in this life, to His glory and our salvation.o 西敏信仰告白WCF 1.1 ——只有自然之書 book of nature是不夠的!
不夠什麼?雖然天然之光(light of nature)、創造、護理之工能夠「彰顯神善良、智慧、權能,叫人無可推諉」,卻仍不足以使人認識神及其旨意到「能夠得救」的程度。所以神樂意多次多方將自己啟示給祂的教會,並向教會宣佈祂的旨意,之後為了更佳的保守、傳揚真理,更加堅立並安慰教會,去抵擋肉體的敗壞、撒但與世界的邪惡,神就使祂的啟示被全部記載下來,因此聖經是絕對必要的,因為神先前啟示祂旨意給祂百姓的方法,如今已經不再使用了。
Although the light of nature, and the works of creation and providence, do so far manifest the goodness, wisdom, and power of God, as to leave men inexcusable; yet they are not sufficient to give that knowledge of God, and of his will, which is necessary unto salvation: therefore it pleased the Lord, at sundry times, and in divers manners, to reveal himself, and to declare that his will unto his church;c and afterwards, for the better preserving and propagating of the truth, and for the more sure establishment and comfort of the Church against the corruption of the flesh, and the malice of Satan and of the world, to commit the same wholly unto writing; which maketh the holy scripture to be most necessary; those former ways of God’s revealing his will unto his people being now ceased.o 上帝不須要,卻樂意將自己啟示於我們——只因為祂要我們認識祂,好有份於祂!
祂樂意對我們啟示自我,就印證祂樂意把自己給予我們!徒17:25也不用人手服事,好像缺少甚麼;自己倒將生命、氣息、萬物,賜給萬人。 (Acts 17:25)o 上帝向我們啟示自我,好叫我們無可推諉不敬拜祂、也無從己意地敬拜祂。 默示 Inspiration (聖經形成方式)o 彼後1:20-21:第一要緊的,該知道經上所有的預言沒有可隨私意解說的; 21 因為預言從來沒有出於人意的,乃是人被聖靈感動,說出神的話來。o 提後3:16——神所呼出的 θεόπνευστος!
聖經都是神所默示的 θεόπνευστος,於教訓、督責、使人歸正、教導人學義都是有益的o WCF 1.1 闡述上帝啟示書寫之必要性(上帝不只對你說話;見新福西敏信仰告白課程:https://archive.org/details/200830-xzwcf-01-1 ):。。。
之後為了更佳的保守、傳揚真理,更加堅立並安慰教會,去抵擋肉體的敗壞、撒但與世界的邪惡,神就使祂的啟示被全部記載下來,因此聖經是絕對必要的,因為神先前啟示祂旨意給祂百姓的方法,如今已經不再使用了。