211106 XZSavoy 23 27

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211107 新福成人主日學：薩維 Savoy 教會設立原則 06：23-27                       高阿丹(1658 Savoy Declaration of Faith 薩維信仰告白= SDF (t.ly/HhBg)；西敏信仰告白＝ WCF）參考文獻：1644 Keyes of the Kingdom by John Cotton (KK) (t.ly/dCMk)；1648 劍橋平台 Cambridge Platform (CP) (t.ly/BYDC) ；Standards of American Congregationalism (1648, 1680); Westminster Presbyterial Church-Government (PCG) 1658 Savoy DeclarationThe Institution of Churches, and the Order Appointed in Them by Jesus Christ教會制度，以及耶穌基督在教會中所指定的秩序  高阿丹中文翻譯 23-25 條：獨立會堂 23. 雖然教會是一個由人組成的團體，按照基督指定為遵行規例而集會，但一個在任何民事轄區和界限內同居、為此目標或目的集會的團體，並不就此構成教會，因為他們中可能缺少本質必要條件；因此，一個與其他人生活在這樣一個轄區內的信徒，可以為了自己的造就而加入任何教會。

Although the church is a society of men, assembling for the celebration of the ordinances according to the appointment of Christ, yet every society assembling for that end or purpose, upon the account of cohabitation within any civil precincts and bounds, is not thereby constituted a church, seeing there may be wanting among them, what is essentially required thereunto; and therefore a believer living with others in such a precinct, may join himself with any church for his edification.. o   「雖然教會是一個由人組成的團體」——什麼人？

任何人？見第2，3，8條；WCF 25.2-1o   「按照基督指定為遵行規例 the celebration of the ordinances 而集會」——規例 講道（13條）、聖禮（16條）、懲戒（18條）等。o   「為此目標或目的集會的團體，並不就此構成教會，因為他們中可能缺少本質必要條件」——或許先賢指的是不忠心的「教會」（天主教？國家教會？靈恩集會？）。教會並非按照人的意願或想法建立，或，有這樣意願的團體不見得滿足「本質必要條件」——不是自己說「我是教會」就是教會。o   「信徒，可以為了自己的造就。。。」——信徒有加入任何教會的自由。

24. 為了避免可能出現的分歧、更莊嚴遵行基督的規例、並為更有效用地運用聖靈的恩賜和恩典，生活在一個城市或村鎮、或在可方便聚集在一起進行神聖崇拜距離內的聖徒們，應該為了彼此的堅固和造就加入一個教會，而非建立許多不同的社團。

For the avoiding of differences that may otherwise arise, for the greater solemnity in the celebration of the ordinances of Christ, and the opening a way for the larger usefulness of the gifts and graces of the Holy Ghost; saints living in one city or town, or within such distances as that they may conveniently assemble for divine worship, ought rather to join in one church for their mutual strengthening and edification, than to set up many distinct societies.. o   問題：一個教會到底應該有多少人？

o   加入教會，而非設立社團。25. 正如所有教會和及其成員都必須不斷地為在各處的基督的教會之益處繁榮祈禱，並在所有時機促進（所有）教會利益（每個人按照自己地位和呼召的範圍行使他們的恩賜和恩典）。因此，教會（churches 複數）本身（在有機會優勢在上帝護理下植堂的教會）應該為了他們的和平、愛的增長、與彼此造就、而在互相交流團契。

As all churches and all the members of them are bound to pray continually for the good or prosperity of all the churches of Christ in all places, and upon all occasions to further it; (every one within the bounds of their places and callings, in the exercise of their gifts and graces). So the churches themselves (when planted by the providence of God, so as they may have opportunity and advantage for it) ought to hold communion amongst themselves for their peace, increase of love, and mutual edification.o   聖徒要為大公教會禱告。

o   教會之間應彼此團契/交流——為了「和平、愛的增長、彼此造就」。 26-27 條：教會會議 synod 26. 如果在教義上或管理上有困難或分歧，不論涉及教會（churches in general 複數），或任何各別教會的和平、合一、與造就，或教會的成員或成員們受到不符合真理和程序的懲戒中受到傷害，可按照基督的心意，在許多教會彼此團契中由他們差派的代表召開會議，審視並提出他們對該分歧事項的建議，並報告給所有相關教會。

然而，如此聚集在一起的會議並沒有被賦予任何正式教會權力，或對教會本身有任何對教會或個人施行懲戒的管轄權，或有權將其決定強加於教會或官員。

In cases of difficulties or differences, either in point of doctrine or in administrations, wherein either the churches in general are concerned, or any one church in their peace, union, and edification, or any member or members of any church are injured in, or by any proceeding in censures, not agreeable to truth and order: it is according to the mind of Christ, that many churches holding communion together do by their messengers meet in a synod or council, to consider and give their advice in, or about that matter in difference, to be reported to all the churches concerned. Howbeit, these synods so assembled are not entrusted with any church-power, properly so called, or with any jurisdiction over the churches themselves, to exercise any censures, either over any churches or persons, or to impose their determinations on the churches or officers. o   教會本身或教會之間問題可由教會之間召開的會議來處理。

如何處理？「審視 consider」+「建議 advice」。o   各別獨立教會之上/之間的會議沒有正式教會權力 any church-power, properly so called。o   「沒有正式教會權力」這不表示這樣會議的「建議」沒有效力，而是認知教會權力是獨立會堂的（4，5條）。各別教會也可同意受這建議規範。o   26條有空間容許比「建議」更強的措施。

參考 CP 15.2:But if a church be rent with divisions amongst themselves, or lie under any open scandal, and yet refuse to consult with other churches, for healing or removing of the same; it is matter of just offence both to the Lord Jesus, and to other churches, as bewraying too much want of mercy and faithfulness, not to seek to bind up the breaches and wounds of the church and brethren: and therefore the state of such a church calleth aloud upon other churches, to exercise a fuller act of brotherly communion, to wit, by way of admonition.如果一個教會因內部分歧而被撕裂，或有公開醜聞，卻拒絕與其他教會協商以求醫治或除去其問題——這對主耶穌和其他教會都是正式的冒犯，因為不尋求包紮教會和弟兄的破口與傷口、就凸顯太缺乏憐憫和信實。

因此，教會這樣的光景正大聲呼籲其他教會，藉由勸誡進行更充分的兄弟團契。

CP 15.3:Though churches have no more authority one over another, than one apostle had over another, yet as one apostle might admonish another, so may one church admonish another, and yet without usurpation.雖然教會之間沒有比一個使徒對另一個使徒更多的權柄，但正如一個使徒可以勸誡另一個，一個教會也可以如此勸誡另一個教會而不越權。

If they hear not the synod, the synod having declared them to be obstinate, particular churches approving and accepting the judgment of the synod, are to declare the sentence of non-communion respectively concerning them; and thereupon, out of religious care to keep their own communion pure, they may justly withdraw themselves from participation with them at the Lord's table, and from such other acts of holy communion, as the communion of churches doth otherwise allow and require.如果他們不聽會議的話，而會議已經宣布他們是硬著心，各個獨立教會也同意並接受其會議的判決，就要宣布不與他們聖徒相通（non-communioin）的判決。

因此，基於敬虔保持他們自己聖徒相通（communion）的純潔，他們可以合理地退出與他們一起參加主的餐桌，以及其他聖潔的團契（communion），正如教會團契所允許和要求的。o   CP 15 章論教會之間團契——彼此看守、彼此諮商、彼此警戒、彼此參與、彼此推薦等。o   26條歷史背景——英國國家教會、羅馬天主教等權力集中制度下的濫權。

27. 除了這些偶然的會議或理事會（councils），基督沒有在固定的教會組合中（a fixed combination of churches）設立任何固定會議（synod），或在較小或較大的會議中設立教會官員；也沒有任何由基督任命而彼此隸屬的會議。

Besides these occasional synods or councils, there are not instituted by Christ any stated synods in a fixed combination of churches, or their officers in lesser or greater assemblies; nor are there any synods appointed by Christ in a way of subordination to one another. o   各別獨立會堂之上基督沒有設立固定/常態 fixed 的區會、總會或其階級等。

o   沒有其會議的官員。若因需求 occasional召開會議，有各別教會派代表參與。

o   CP 16.5 論教會會議（synods）：The synod's directions and determinations, so far as consonant to the word of God, are to be received with reverence and submission; not only for their agreement therewith, (which is the principal ground thereof, and without which they bind not at all,) but also secondarily for the power whereby they are made, as being an ordinance of God appointed thereunto in his word.教會會議的指示和決議，只要與上帝的聖言一致，就應當以敬畏和順服的態度接受；不僅是因為會議中達到共識（這是其中的主要依據，否則他們就完全沒有約束力），而其次是基於他們所擁有的權力，是上帝在他的話語中指定的一項規例（ordinance）。